Annals of Vascular Surgery
Volume 22, Issue 4 , Pages 552-558 , July 2008

Propionyl-l-Carnitine in Leriche-Fontaine Stage II Peripheral Arterial Obstructive Disease

  • Claudio Allegra

      Affiliations

    • San Giovanni Hospital, Rome, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to: Claudio Allegra, MD, San Giovanni Hospital, Via del Colosseo 26, 00100 Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Pier Luigi Antignani

      Affiliations

    • San Giovanni Hospital, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Ilana Schachter

      Affiliations

    • San Giovanni Hospital, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Aleardo Koverech

      Affiliations

    • Scientific and Clinical Department, Sigma Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Masa Messano

      Affiliations

    • Scientific and Clinical Department, Sigma Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Ashraf Virmani

      Affiliations

    • Scientific and Clinical Department, Sigma Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Ashraf Virmani, PhD, Medical and Scientific Affairs, R & D Sigma Tau HealthScience, Via Treviso 4, 00040 Pomezia (Rome), Italy

References 

  1. Brevetti G, Silvestro A, Schiano V, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk prediction in peripheral arterial disease: additive value of flow-mediated dilation to ankle-brachial pressure index. Circulation. 2003;108:2093–2098
  2. Fontaine R, Kieny R, Gangloff JM, et al. Long-term results of restorative arterial surgery in obstructive diseases of the arteries. J Cardiovasc Surg. 1964;5:463–472
  3. Hirsch AT. Claudication as an “orphan disease”: rationale and goals of drug therapy for peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med. 1996;1:37–42
  4. Hiatt WR, Nawaz D, Brass EP. Carnitine metabolism during exercise in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Appl Physiol. 1987;62:2383–2387
  5. Hiatt WR, Wofel EE, Regensteiner JG, et al. Skeletal muscle carnitine metabolism in patients with unilateral peripheral vascular disease. J Appl Physiol. 1992;73:346–353
  6. Kannel WB. The demographics of claudication and the aging of the American population. Vascular Med. 1996;1:60–64
  7. Simionescu M. Implications of early structural-functional changes in the endothelium for vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:266–274
  8. Brevetti G, Diehm C, Lambert D. European multicenter study on propionyl-l-carnitine in intermittent claudication. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:1618–1624
  9. Anand I, Chandrashekhan Y, De Giuli F, et al. Acute and chronic effects of propionyl-l-carnitine on the hemodynamics, exercise capacity, and hormones in patients with congestive heart failure. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1998;12:291–299
  10. Binienda Z, Virmani A. The mitochondriotropic effects of l-carnitine and its esters in the central nervous system. Curr Med Chem. 2003;3:275–282
  11. Wiseman LR, Brogden RN. Propionyl-l-carnitine. Drugs Aging. 1998;12:243–248
  12. Brass EP, Hiatt WR. The role of carnitine and carnitine supplementation during exercise in man and in individuals with special needs. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998;17:207–215
  13. Hiatt WR. Treatment of disability in peripheral arterial disease: new drugs. Curr. Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord. 2004;4:227–231
  14. Antignani PL. Treatment of chronic peripheral arterial disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2003;1:205–216
  15. Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, et al. Propionyl-l-carnitine improves exercise performance and functional status in patients with claudication. Am J Med. 2001;110:616–622
  16. Allegra C, Bartolo M, Barioti B, Cassiani D. Lymphatic capillaries pressure in human skin of patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Int J Microcirc. 1994;9:341–349
  17. Endemann DH, Schiffrin EL. Endothelial dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:1983–1992
  18. Virmani A, Binienda Z, Ali S, Gaetani F. Links between nutrition, drug abuse, and the metabolic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1074:303–314
  19. Hayden MR, Sowers JR, Tyagi SC. The central role of vascular extracellular matrix and basement membrane remodeling in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: the matrix preloaded. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2005;4:9
  20. Nishiyama A, Rahman M, Inscho EW. Role of interstitial ATP and adenosine in the regulation of renal hemodynamics and microvascular function. Hypertens Res. 2004;27:791–804
  21. Verhamme P, Hoylaerts MF. The pivotal role of the endothelium in haemostasis and thrombosis. Acta Clin Belg. 2006;61:213–219
  22. Ellis CG, Jagger J, Sharpe M. The microcirculation as a functional system. Crit Care. 2005;9:S3–S8
  23. Hiatt WR. Carnitine and peripheral arterial disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1033:92–98
  24. Ferrari R, Merli E, Cicchitelli G, Mele D, Fucili A, Ceconi C. Therapeutic effects of l-carnitine and propionyl-l-carnitine on cardiovascular diseases: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1033:79–91
  25. Corsi C, Pollastri M, Marrapodi E, et al. l-Propionylcarnitine effect on postexercise and postischemic hyperemia in patients affected by peripheral vascular disease. Angiology. 1995;46:705–713
  26. Brevetti G, Di Lisa F, Perna S, et al. Carnitine-related alterations in patients with intermittent claudication. Indication for a focused carnitine therapy. Circulation. 1996;93:1685–1689
  27. Arenas J, Ricoy JR, Encinas AR, et al. Carnitine in muscle, serum, and urine of nonprofessional athletes: effects of physical exercise, training, and l-carnitine administration. Muscle Nerve. 1991;14:598–604
  28. Arduini A, Gorbunov N, Arrigoni-Martelli E, et al. Effects of l-carnitine and its acetate and propionate esters on the molecular dynamics of human erythrocyte membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993;1146:229–235
  29. Brevetti G, Corrado S, Martone VD, et al. Microcirculation and tissue metabolism in peripheral arterial disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 1999;21:245–254
  30. Felix C, Gillis M, Driedzic WR, et al. Effects of propionyl-l-carnitine on isolated mitochondrial function in the reperfused diabetic rat heart. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2001;53:17–24
  31. Taylor DJ, Amato A, Hands LJ, et al. Changes in energy metabolism of calf muscle in patients with intermittent claudication assessed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a phase II open study. Vasc Med. 1996;1:241–245
  32. Thompson CH, Irish AB, Kemp GJ, et al. The effect of propionyl l-carnitine on skeletal muscle metabolism in renal failure. Clin Nephrol. 1997;47:372–378
  33. Di Marzo L, Miccheli A, Sapienza P, et al. 31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate medical therapy efficacy in peripheral arterial disease. A pilot study. Panminerva Med. 1999;41:283–290
  34. Reznick AZ, Kagan VE, Ramsey R, et al. Antiradical effects in l-propionyl carnitine protection of the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury: the possible role of iron chelation. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992;296:394–401
  35. Cipolla MJ, Nicoloff A, Rebello T, et al. Propionyl-l-carnitine dilates human subcutaneous arteries through an endothelium-dependent mechanism. J Vasc Surg. 1999;29:1097–1103

PII: S0890-5096(08)00085-X

doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2008.02.010

Annals of Vascular Surgery
Volume 22, Issue 4 , Pages 552-558 , July 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution